5G, the hottest Internet top"✔≤ic from 2019 to date, is the ultimate goal of✘‍✘ high-tech companies in↑× various countries from the perspec↓¥&tive of scientific research. From the perspect☆↔ive of life, it is the exσ↓≥♦pectation of people all over the world.

He can change lives and change markets. At pre‍♥sent, there are not many countri→≥es in the world with ​β✔5G core technology, and everyone is busy with how>Ω to deploy 5G faster →↕↔and more efficiently.

From the current situation, 5G is very close to o¥↕✔™ur lives. It is estimated that from the π✘end of this year to the beginninπ✘g of 21 years, full and formal 5G comme$"rcial use will be reali≠↑zed.

So, what are the basi✘α♥∏c elements that enterpri• δses need to understand to acc"≤elerate the deployment of 5G? Anwei Wirele€€÷ss (www.aw168.cn) combined its own 5G experi♣≈¶ence and summed up seven '∑elements, then please see below

1. Network density and small b¥£ase stations

5G users will need more cellular base stations to₽β→↓ substantially expand network capacσ>ity and support the growth of data tr♥λ$affic. This has prompted mobile network o¶¶β∏perators (MNOs) to rush to adopt small ba∞ε∞se stations (small lo↑Ω↔♣w-power base stations installed in buildi≥δ♦→ngs, lampposts, etc.) in densely populate$ §×d urban areas to increase network den"‌​sity. These small base stations will help MN♠•↑O satisfy users' thirst for large amounts←Ω of data and improve service quality.

2. Spectrum collectioα←♣n

5G requires a lot of bandwidth. Larger ​∞γ bandwidth allows operators to ¥₽£increase capacity and increase data r♥•≈εates, allowing users to download lar≈βλ'ge files faster and o¶§btain high-resolution jitter-free strea ←↑ming media. The design of♥α the physical layer and higher layers is indeα©pendent of frequency, but separate radio performaσ ¥nce requirements are established for eac✘ε∑h layer. The lower frequency range (FR1) is λ÷also called sub-7GHz, which is the 410-σ§♦₩7,125MHz frequency band; the higher fπ§πβrequency range (FR2) is also cal&≠↑δled millimeter wave (mmWave), and the range i≈ ♣φs 24.25-52.6GHz.

In order to obtain the bandwidth in F ✘'R1 and FR2, more spectrum must bΩβ₽e allocated. Currently, α<$≈regulatory agencies in about↕₽↑​ 40 countries and regions have allocated new‍☆"$ frequencies and reali₽✔♥×zed the re-allocation of LTE spe¥πβγctrum, however, this is far fr↕×✔←om enough. According to GSA data, 54 countries ≥  ∞plan to allocate more spect"€↕rum from now to the end of 202§¥§2 to solve at least part of the problem as♦​★​ much as possible.

3. The evolution of 4G to 5G net÷♥works

The 5G Radio Access N∏¥<↕etwork (RAN) is desiε✔γgned to work with existing 4GLTE networks. 3GP∞₹'P allows multiple new radi ∑₩ o (NR) deployment opti×→↕↓ons. Therefore, as sho>δwn in the figure below, MNOs can migr£‌ate to 5G more easily by changing from non€☆§-independent (NSA) t✘&™o independent (SA) networking.

4. Dynamic spectrum sharing

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) is a new techno •​logy that can further help achieΩ↔↓ve a smooth migration from 4G to 5G. With DSS, &¥ operators can allow 4G and 5G users to ♦‌$•share the same spectruΩ↓m without having to dedicate₹σ  each part of the spectrum to 4G or 5G. This me♥$ans that operators can use their networks m☆✔≠ore efficiently and alloc≤→©±ate capacity based on user needs to optimize usπεδ>er experience. There$ λ fore, as the number of 5G user&♥•s increases, the netβ∏±work can dynamically allocate more capacαα♥ity for each user in the total capa∏↓city.

5. Millimeter wave (mmWaveβ€→)

5G networks can use th★≠e millimeter-wave FR2 spectrum to provi♥‌de the highest data rate, in which a ≠ ∞wide range of bandwidth can be used₹Ω. Millimeter wave is now a reality ": 5G networks are usi≤βng it for FWA and mobile devices, and will$<☆ be used in other use cases in the future. W¥∞♠ith the expansion of 5G netw®λ∑←ork deployment and the emergenc↑<e of home appliances, operators are expected to§$ extend FWA to more homes.

6. Massive MIMO

MIMO (Multiple Input Multi₩∑ple Output) improves ₩δdata speed and network capacity by using multip↔‍↔le antennas to transmit multiple daφ♦∑Ωta streams with the same bandwidth. α↔↑↔Many LTE base stations today already use up to ≠λα8 antennas to transmit data, but•¥∏∑ 5G introduces massive MIMO, which uses 32 or 64✘ ±¥ antennas, and even more in the future. Massiv☆®e MIMO millimeter waves are parti ©cularly important bec÷‌σause multiple antennas concentrate ε✘®the transmission and reception of sign♣ §↔als to increase the dat♠ a rate and compensate for the propagation loss↕↓™₩ at high frequencies. This greatly improves tα∞≠¥hroughput and energy efficie↔Ω≥✘ncy.

7. RFFE innovation bo•®osts 5G

The true realization of the 5G vision₩↔Ω requires the participation ®¶of innovative radio frequency front-end (RFFE) t>✘echnology. As mobile phones, base stations a±↕nd other devices become more fashionable a€→nd compact, RFFE will need t​≥‌o achieve more powerfulπ✔ performance in less sp✘★"→ace while improving π±energy efficiency. Some RF technolog $≠ies are key to achieving 5G goals; theyγβ©₹ include:

Gallium nitride (GaN). ¶‌✔™GaN is very suitable fo§λ$r high-power transistors tha≤§♦γt can work at high temperatures. The≈♠↑ potential of GaNPA in 5G has just begun to©€ be realized. Its high radio frequency powe€₩≈αr, low DC power consumption, small ∏™γεsize and high reliability enable equipment> ‌δ manufacturers to man÷♥≠♥ufacture smaller and lighter base stations. With ↔✔GaNPA, operators can meet the hig♦★ h-efficiency omnidirectional radiate  δd power (EIRP) output specifε§♠ications of millimet♥πer wave transmission with fewer ante↕¥<nna array units and lowerΩπ power consumption. This makes t₽€>he system lighter and less expensive t®§o install.

BAW filter. The number of frequency ≥πbands and carrier ag÷×™gregation (CA) combinations u÷γsed by 5G has increa®₽εsed significantly, and β>↕≥it needs to coexist with many other wireless €♣∑§standards, which means that high-performance fi✘₩±→lters are essential ↔π∑to avoid interference. Surface Acoustic W∞εave (SAW) and Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters o₩♣☆ccupy a small area, have e♥•™xcellent performance and are afford♦♣§able, and are the main fil✘♦₽ter types used in 5G mobil€∏δe devices.